FORMIRANJE IDENTITETA U PROCESU INKLUZIVNOG VASPITANJA I OBRAZOVANJA

Marković Emilija I.a, Krulj Jelena R.b, Lazović Nataša R.c
abUniverzitet u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Učiteljski fakultet
cAkademija Južna Srbija – Visoka škola za vaspitače Bujanovac
e-adresa: emilija.markovic@pr.ac.rs, jelena.krulj@pr.ac.rs, lazovicn991@gmail.com
jezik rada: srpski
vrsta rada: pregledni članak
DOI: 10.5937/obrvas18-46666
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 25.01.2024.

Rezime

Identitet predstavlja osećanje celovitosti ličnosti uprkos promena u ličnosti i oko nje. Generalno, možemo govoriti o postojanju ličnog i socijalnog identiteta – slike o sebi kao pojedincu u okviru grupe kojoj pripadamo ili opažanja sebe u kontekstu zajedničkog sa članovima naše grupe, ali i sa različitostima u odnosu na druge grupe. Pri tom, individue poseduju više ličnih i socijalnih identiteta u zavisnosti od toga koja nam je socijalna grupa najznačajnija u datom trenutku. Formiranje identiteta je proces koji, iako najintenzivniji u periodu adolescencije, započinje u detinjstvu. Poseban značaj u formiranju identiteta imaju osobe iz najbližeg okruženja deteta, prevashodno porodica, a potom i drugi agensi socijalizacije poput vaspitača, učitelja, vršnjaka, mas-medija itd. Inkluzivno vaspitanje i obrazovanje odnosi se na rad sa decom sa posebnim potrebama što podrazumeva socijalnu inkluziju. Dete ulazi u različite socijalne odnose koji utiču na njegov lični i socijalni identitet. Vršnjačke grupe u vrtićima, razredi u školama predstavljaju specifične socijalne zajednice koje obavljaju svoje socijalne uloge. Vaspitno-obrazovne institucije oslanjaju se na zajedničke vrednosti i obrasce i pomažu deci da se na smisleni način odnose jedni prema drugima i prema društvu u celini. Centralno pitanje jeste šta inkluzija znači za pojedinca. Kako se identitet zasniva na slici o sebi, a ona se uveliko formira na osnovu odnosa drugih prema nama, prihvatanje deteta sa posebnim potrebama od strane druge dece uveliko utiče na elemente identiteta koji se formira. Stoga je cilj ovog rada analiza potencijala uloge socijalnih odnosa u procesu inkluzivnog vaspitanja i obrazovanja na formiranje identiteta i njegovih konsekvenci poput samopoštovanja, osećanja samoefikasnosti, adekvatnog odnosa sa drugima itd.

 

Ključne reči: identitet, formiranje identiteta, inkluzivno vaspitanje i obrazovanje, slika o sebi

 

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